On the fire risk and fire prevention measures of e

Talking about the fire risk and fire prevention measures of electrical lighting equipment

electrical lighting is a light source that uses electric energy to emit light. According to the principle of luminescence, it can be divided into thermal radiation light source and gas light source; According to the nature of use, it can be divided into working lighting, decorative lighting and accident lighting. With the development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, various electrical lighting and decorative devices have been widely used in production and life. Due to the universality and diversity of its use, people should pay enough attention to the fire risk of incandescent lamps, fluorescent lamps, high-pressure mercury lamps, tungsten halogen lamps and other lighting fixtures used more in daily life

1. Fire risk of electrical lighting

when lighting or decorative lamps are working, the surface temperature of glass bulbs, tubes and other lamps is very high. If the lamps are improperly selected, electric sparks, arcs or local high temperatures caused by faults are likely to cause the combustibles near the lamps to catch fire and cause a fire

since lighting lamps are generally installed in places where people produce and live, decorative lamps are generally installed in places where people are dense. In case of fire, in addition to causing huge property losses, it will also cause heavy casualties

1.1 incandescent lamp becomes the ignition source

when incandescent lamp is working, its surface will be heated, and the higher the power is, the longer the continuous use time is, the higher the temperature is. Where the surface is in contact with or close to combustibles, the accumulated heat can burn combustibles. In addition, the bulb of incandescent lamp has poor shock resistance and is easy to be broken, exposing the high-temperature filament, and high-temperature bulb fragments are also easy to cause fire

1.2 fluorescent lamps become ignition sources

the fire hazards of fluorescent lamps mainly lie in ballasts. For reasons such as unqualified ballast manufacturing quality, poor heat dissipation conditions, or the rated power is not matched with the lamp tube, its internal temperature will rise sharply. Long term high temperature will damage the insulation of the coil, form an inter turn short circuit, generate instant huge heat, and ignite the surrounding combustibles

1.3 high pressure mercury lamp and sodium lamp become ignition sources

high temperature rise is the main fire hazard of these two lamps. The power of high pressure mercury lamp and sodium lamp is large, generally more than a few hundred watts, and the surface temperature of the lamp is very high when lighting. In addition, the ballast of high-pressure mercury lamp and the electronic trigger of high-pressure sodium lamp have fire hazards. The fire hazard of ballast is like the ballast of fluorescent lamp mentioned above, while the electronic trigger may cause combustion due to the heat generated by the internal capacitor leakage model of the above three experimental machines, which are similar in function

1.4 tungsten halogen lamp becomes the ignition source

tungsten halogen lamp is facing the transformation of the coal-fired furnace of the plastic granulator system, which has become an important issue to be solved. When it is in normal working state, the quartz glass tube wall temperature is as high as 500 ~ 800 ℃, which can not only burn the attached combustible in a short time, but also burn the combustible in a certain distance. Its fire risk is greater than that of other general lighting appliances

1.5 special effect ballroom lights become the ignition source

special effect ballroom lights mainly include peak nest lights, scanning lights, sun lights, universe lights, two-way UFO lights and snowball lights that do not light themselves. Its characteristic is that lamps and lanterns are often equipped with motors to drive the rotation of lamps and lanterns for decoration and rendering atmosphere. When the rotation resistance increases or the transmission mechanism is stuck, the motor will quickly heat up. In addition, the props and scenes in places such as the stage are mostly combustible, which is very easy to catch fire under the high temperature of the motor

1. Start the computer 6. Neon light becomes the ignition source

the triggering voltage of neon light is above 10000 V, and a special transformer is required to boost the voltage. If there is dust on the insulating terminal at the high-voltage output end of the transformer, leakage and ignition may occur in wet weather, causing a fire. At the same time, long-term power on will also cause accidents due to the high temperature rise melting the asphalt sealed on the transformer

1.7 lamp switches and other facilities become ignition sources

in the process of electrical lighting and decoration, in addition to various lighting and decorative lamps, a large number of switches, protectors, wires, junction boxes, lamp holders, lamp boxes, brackets and other accessories are required. These facilities will lead to insulation damage, short circuit fire and other faults due to improper capacity selection, long-term overload operation and other reasons, which will also cause fire accidents

2. Fire prevention measures for electrical lighting

2.1 reasonably select the type of lamp

it is easy to produce in explosive mixtures or production (2) increase its strength and wear resistance through appropriate heat treatment processes (quenching and tempering, carburizing and quenching, etc.); In places with explosive media, integral explosion-proof devices should be used. Sealed or moisture-proof lamps shall be used in places with corrosive gases and special humidity, and their components shall also be subject to anti-corrosion treatment. In hot and dusty places (such as steel making, ironmaking, steel rolling and other places), floodlights can be used. Outdoor lighting can be closed lamps or open lamps with fire-proof lampholders

2.2 correctly install lighting and decorative lamps

2.2.1 installation position

the distance between lamps and combustibles shall not be less than 50cm (more than 50cm for halogen tungsten lamps), and the height from the ground shall not be less than 2m. When it is lower than this height, protective facilities shall be added. Combustible materials should not be stacked under the bulb